IN THE COURT OF CHANCERY OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
IN AND FOR NEW CASTLE COUNTY
| ALLEN SHAHEEN, ERNEST |
) |
|
| BLACKWELDER, GENERAL ATLANTIC |
) |
|
| PARTNERS 64, L.P., a Delaware limited |
) |
|
| partnership, GREYLOCK X LIMITED |
) |
|
| PARTNERSHIP, a Delaware limited |
) |
|
| partnership and ARSDIGITA |
) |
|
| CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation |
) |
Civil Action No. 18821-NC |
|
) |
|
| Plaintiffs, |
) |
|
|
) |
|
| v. |
) |
|
|
) |
|
| PHILIP GREENSPUN, EVE A. |
) |
|
| ANDERSSON and TRACY E. ADAMS |
) |
|
|
) |
|
| Defendants. |
|
|
COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY RELIEF PURSUANT TO 8 DEL. C. § 225
Plaintiffs Allen Shaheen, Ernest Blackwelder, General Atlantic Partners
64, L.P. ("General Atlantic"), Greylock X Limited Partnership
("Greylock") and ArsDigita Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the
"Company"), by and through their attorneys, Richards, Layton & Finger,
P.A., for their complaint against defendants allege:
-
This is an action which seeks a declaration of the rights of the parties
pursuant to Section 225 of the General Corporation Law. The action
arises in connection with certain written consents of shareholders of
the Company dated April 5, 2001 (the "Contested Consents"), which, on
their face, violate a shareholders agreement between the parties; are in
conflict with certain provisions of the Restated Certificate of
Incorporation of the Company; and also impermissibly shift to
shareholders core and non-delegable duties of the Board of Directors of
this Delaware corporation.
Background
-
The Company is a privately held software concern in which plaintiffs
General Atlantic and Greylock have made substantial investments. The
Company creates and sells enterprise software. Its principal executive
offices are located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Until recently,
defendant Philip Greenspun was the Chief Executive Officer of the
Company.
-
In March 2000, General Atlantic and Greylock invested substantial sums
in the Company through the purchase of shares of convertible preferred
stock. In connection with that investment, certain stockholders of the
Company, including defendant Greenspun and non-party Jin S. Choi,
entered into a stockholders agreement with the Company, General Atlantic
and Greylock (the "Stockholders Agreement"). A copy of the Stockholders
Agreement is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
-
The Stockholders Agreement is a contract which governs various aspects
of the parties' relationship, including, inter alia, the
governance of the Company. The Stockholders Agreement imposes
obligations and restrictions on stockholders who are signatories
thereto. As set forth herein, the recent action of defendant Greenspun
in purporting to act by written consent is in direct violation of the
Stockholders Agreement.
-
In connection with their decision to invest in the Company, both General
Atlantic and Greylock relied upon the protections, covenants and
agreements set forth in the Stockholders Agreement. The breaches of that
agreement alleged herein are material and continuing.
The Parties
-
Plaintiff Allen Shaheen is a director, Chief Executive Officer and
President of the Company. The Contested Consents purport to remove
Shaheen as a director and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and
to demote him to President.
-
Plaintiff Ernest Blackwelder is a director and employee of the Company
and its Chief Operating Officer. The Contested Consents purport to
remove Blackwelder as a director of the Company.
-
Plaintiff General Atlantic is a stockholder of the Company and a
signatory to the Stockholders Agreement.
-
Plaintiff Greylock is a stockholder of the Company and a signatory to
the Stockholders Agreement.
-
Plaintiff ArsDigita Corporation is a signatory to the Stockholders
Agreement.
-
Defendant Philip Greenspun is a stockholder of the Company and a
signatory to the Stockholders Agreement. The Contested Consents
purport to appoint Greenspun as Chief Executive Officer of the
Company.
-
Defendant Eve A. Andersson was purportedly appointed as a director and
Executive Vice President of the Company by the Contested Consents.
-
Defendant Tracy E. Adams was purportedly appointed as a director and
Executive Vice President of the Company by the Contested Consents.
The Contested Consents
-
The Contested Consents purport to amend the by-laws of the Company in
several material respects. The Contested Consents purport to: vest
exclusive authority in the stockholders of the Company, rather than
the Board of Directors, to elect the Chief Executive Officer and
President of the Company, and the non-exclusive authority to elect one
or more Executive Vice Presidents; vest exclusive authority in the
stockholders of the Company, rather than the Board of Directors, to
remove all officers elected by the stockholders; and impose a
unanimity requirement at the Board of Directors level to change or
repeal by-laws adopted by stockholders (the "Director Unanimity
By-Law"). A copy of one of the Contested Consents is attached hereto
as Exhibit B.
The Stockholders Agreement
-
The Stockholders Agreement, dated March 27, 2000, was signed by both
Plaintiff Philip Greenspun and non-party Jin S. Choi, both of whom
executed the Contested Consents in this matter.
-
The Stockholders Agreement contains certain "corporate governance"
provisions at Article 6.
-
Specifically, Section 6.6 (h) of the Stockholders Agreement
unequivocably states that the Board of Directors of the Company may
not, without the consent of the directors appointed by each of General
Atlantic and Greylock, make "any material modification or restatement
of the Charter Documents."
-
The Stockholders Agreement defines the term "Charter Documents" to
include the by-laws of the Cmopany "as in effect on the date" of the
agreement March 27, 2000.
-
Neither the director appointed by General Atlantic nor the director
appointed by Greylock has consented to the by-law amendments
purportedly made by the Contested Consents.
-
Moreover, Section 6.1 of the Stockholders Agreement explicitly states:
...each Stockholder shall vote his or its Shares at any
Stockholders Meeting or act by Written Consent with respect to such
Shares, upon any matter submitted for action by the Company's
stockholders or with respect to which such Stockholder may vote or act
by Written Consent, in conformity with the specific terms and
provisions of this Agreement and the Charter Documents.
(Emphasis supplied).
-
As noted above, the use of the defined term "Charter Documents" refers
to the by-laws of the Company in effect at the date of the
Stockholders Agreement March 27, 2000. Thus, each of the stockholders
bound by the Stockholders Agreement have expressly agreed to vote or
to act by written consent only "in confirmity with" the by-laws of the
Company "as in effect" on March 27, 2000.
-
On March 27, 2000, the by-laws in effect required that only the Board
of Directors, not the stockholders, was empowered to elect and remove
officers of the Company. (A copy of the by-laws of the Company in
effect on March 27, 2000 is attached hereto as Exhibit C). Defendant
Greenspun was contractually obligated to act in conformity with such
by-laws.
-
The Stockholders Agreement also gives General Atlantic and Greylock
certain specific veto rights with respect to the composition of the
Board of Directors of the Company. Specifically, Section 6.3 of the
Stockholders Agreement specifically provides that the signatories to
the Stockholders Agreement will vote to assure that the Chief
Executive Officer and two senior officers of the Company shall be
included as members of the Board of Directors of the Company, and that
two outside directors shall likewise be appointed to the Board. The
Stockholders Agreement also makes clear, whoever, that the outside
directors shall be "acceptable to the General Atlantic Stockholders,
the Greylock Stockholders and the Board of Directors."
-
Since the Contested Consents are ineffective to elect the three
defendants as officers of the Company, the election of such
individuals as directors also violates the Stockholders Agreement
since such individuals are not "acceptable" to Greylock and General
Atlantic, and the Board of Directors of the Company has never been
asked to determine whether the individuals are acceptable to the
Board.
The Illegal Arrogation of Powers to Stocholders
-
In addition to violating the express terms of the Stockholders
Agreement, the Contested Consents also violate the bedrock principle
reflected in Section 141 (a) of the General Corporation Law that
directors, not stockholders, manage the business and affairs of the
Company.
-
In particular, the Contested Consents purport to shift the "exclusive
authority" to elect a Chief Executive Officer and a President to the
stockholders of the Company, and expressly provide that the Board of
Directors shall not have such authority.
-
In addition, the Contested Consents also purport to vest in the
stockholders the right to set the term of office of officers elected
by the stockholders.
-
Likewise, the Contested Consents shift the power to remove officers
elected by the stockholders exclusively to the stockholders and
expressly provide that the Board of Directors shall not have authority
to remove such officers.
-
Finally, the Contested Consents shift the power to fill vacancies in
corporate officerships to the stockholders of the Company, if the
vacant officership is one which was originally filled by stockholder
action.
The Contested Consents Conflight With the Restated Certificate
of Incorporation
-
Moreover, the Contested Consents are also in express conflict with the
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company and void for that
reason, as well.
-
Specifically, Article V of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation
of the Company provides that the Board of Directors "is expressly
authorized to make, repeal, alter, amend and rescind any or
all of the Bylaws of this corporation." (Emphasis
supplied). The Company's Restated Certificate of Incorporation is
attached hereto as Exhibit D.
-
In contrast to the certificate's express grant of authority to rescind
"any or all" of the by-laws, the Contested Consents purport to amend
Article XI of the By-Laws of the Company, related to amendments, such
that Article XI itself may be "altered, amended, changed or repealed
only by vote of the stockholders." Thus, the Contested Consents are in
direct conflict with the Company's Restated Certificate of
Incorporation and invalid as a matter of law.
The Unanimity By-Law is Unreasonable And Invalid
-
The Contested Consents also purport to impose a unanimity requirement
on Board action taken to amend by-laws. The Director Unanimity By-Law
is not reasonable or equitable in the circumstances and improperly
removes the power to amend by-laws from a majority of a quorum of the
Board of Directors, thus effectively giving any one member of the
Board the right to veto such action.
COUNT I
(For Declaratory Judgment Relating to Breach of Contract)
-
The allegations of paragraphs 1-33 of the Complaint are incorporated
by reference as if fully set forth herein.
-
For the reasons set forth above, the Contested Consents constitute a
material breach of the contractual rights of Plaintiffs General
Atlantic, Greylock and the Company.
-
By reason of the foregoing facts and circumstances, Plaintiffs are
entitled to a declaration that the action of the defendants in
delivering the Contested Consents was invalid and a breach of the
contractual rights of Plaintiffs.
-
Upon information and belief, Defendants contest Plaintiffs' right to
the declaratory relief sought herein, and an actual controversy exists
between the parties.
COUNT II
(Violation of the General Corporation Law)
-
The allegations of paragraphs 1-37 of the Complaint are incorporated
by reference as if fully set forth herein.
-
For the reasons set forth above, the Contested Consents, even if not
otherwise in breach of the Stockholders Agreement, unlawfully arrogate
non-delegable duties and powers of the Board of Directors of the
Company to the stockholders of the Company, and therefore violate the
General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
-
Upon information and belief, the Defendants contest Plaintiffs' right
to the declaratory relief sought herein, and an actual controversy
exists between the parties.
COUNT III
(For Declaratory Judgment As Violative of the Certificate of
Incorporation)
-
The allegations of paragraphs 1-40 of the Complaint are incorporated
by reference as if fully set forth herein.
-
As set forth above, the Contested Consents purport to amend the
by-laws of the Company in a manner which is facially inconsistent with
and violative of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the
Company. The Contested Consents are void on this basis, as well.
-
Upon information and belief, Defendants contest Plaintiffs' right to
the declaratory relief sought herein, and an actual controversy exists
between the parties.
COUNT IV
(For Declaratory Judgment Regarding the Unanimity By-Law)
-
The allegations of paragraphs 1-43 of the Complaint are incorporated
by reference as if fully set forth herein.
-
As set forth above, the Director Unanimity By-law is unreasonable in
the circumstances, and effectively transfers veto power over any and
all actions required to be taken by the Board to defendants or any one
of them. Accordingly, the Director Unanimity By-Law not only violates
the governance scheme set forth in the General Corporation Law it is
also invalid as unreasonable and inequitable in application.
-
Upon information and belief, Defendants contest Plaintiffs' right to
the declaratory relief sought herein, and an actual controversy exists
between the parties.
WHEREFORE, Plaintiffs hereby demand that the Court enter its Orders,
Judgments and Decrees:
-
Declaring that the Contested Consents are in breach of contract and
for that reason void or in the alternative ordering specific
performance of the Stockholders Agreement;
-
Declaring that the Contested Consents are void as violative of the
General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware;
-
Declaring that the Contested Consents are void in that they create a
by-law which is in conflict with the Restated Certificate of
Incorporation of the Company;
-
Declaring that the Director Unanimity By-Law is unreasonable,
inequitable and void as a matter of law and equity;
-
Awarding Plaintiffs damages as may be proven at trial in respect of
Defendants' breach of the Stockholders Agreement;
-
Awarding Plaintiffs their costs and fees in prosecuting this action,
including the their attorneys' fees;
-
Awarding Plaintiffs pre and post judgment interest on any and all
amounts awarded to them; and
-
Granting Plaintiffs such other and further relief as may be just or
equitable in the circumstances.
|
|
![[ signature ]](001-sig.png)
Gregory V. Varallo
|
| OF COUNSEL: |
Richard P. Rollo |
|
Richards, Layton & Finger, P.A. |
| Steven B. Rosenfeld |
One Rodney Square |
| Paul, Weiss, Rifkind |
Wilmington, DE 19899 |
| Wharton & Garrison |
Attorneys for Plaintiffs |
| 1285 Avenue of the Americas |
|
|
| New York, New York 10019 |
|
Dated: April 11, 2001
[ Typed by Guan
Yang. Exhibits (available in the PDF):
-
Stockholders Agreement among ArsDigita Corporation, General Atlantic
Partners 64, L.P., Gap Coinvestment Partners II, L.P., Greylock X
Limited Partnership, Greylock X-A Limited Partnership and Certain
Other Stockholders, dated March 27, 2000.
-
ArsDigita Corporation Action of Stockholders by Written Consent, dated
April 5, 2001.
-
By-Laws of ArsDigita Corporation, dated March 24, 2000.
]